Hello friends, Today in this topic we are going to discuss what is a taper and how many types of taper are there?
At the end of this topic, we will also know how to calculate a taper ratio and taper angle?
Taper means short or thin towards one end. It also means a gradual
decrease in the width or thickness of a long object.
A taper is also
defined as the uniform change of the diameter of a workpiece on its axis.
The taper provides a method to quickly and precisely align
machine parts.
Tools such as twist drill bits, lathe centers, and reamers are easier to hold
because of the taper.
Making these types of tools uses different types of cutting tool materials as per requirement because every material has its own mechanical properties.
These tools are mostly used in drilling machines and lathe machines.
Tapers are also used in much more applications
like used in bearing as a taper roller bearing.
The taper is made into a lathe machine using the taper turning method.
Types of taper in mechanical can be categorized according to their class, sizes, and use which we will be known further in detail.
So let’s get started to know,
What is Taper?
The continuous or uniform increasing or decreasing in diameter of a cylindrical workpiece is called a taper.Taper is also called Taper conicity.
Its works on the principle of trigonometry.
Where,
D = Larger diameter of the taper
d = Smaller diameter of the taper
L = Length of the taper
Methods of Specified Taper
A taper can be specified in the following ways:- Taper in Degree
- Taper in Inch
- Taper in Foot
- Taper in Metric
- Standard Taper Number
- Taper by Symbol
Taper in Degree
In this method, the taper is expressed in degree.Like 60°, 3°,30°, etc.
Taper in Inch
In inch systems, tapers are expressed in a taper per inch.Like 0.0208".
Taper in Foot
In foot systems, tapers are expressed in a taper per foot.Like 5/8'.
Taper in Metric
Metric tapers are represented in the ratio of 1 mm per unit length.
For example in a 1: 20 taper the diameter will change 1 mm per 20 mm length.
Standard Taper Number
According to standard taper, numbers taper can be specified as their standard numberFor Example, Morse taper specified in MT 0 to MT 7.
Taper by Symbol
In this method taper is expressed by a symbol for example taper is denoted by K.Types of Taper
A taper can be classified into three categories:- According to Class
- According to Use
- According to Size
According to Class
According to class, there are two types of taper:- Self Holding Taper
- Quick Releasing Taper
Self Holding Taper
In this type of taper, the taper angle is kept at less than 3°.In that taper does not require any other locking device to hold the assembled component.
It is also called a slow taper.
Quick Releasing Taper
Due to the high Taper Angle, they require a locking device to clamp.
They have a Taper ratio of 7:24.
According to Use
According to uses are two types of taper- Internal Taper
- External Taper
Internal Taper
The taper given on the inner surface of a cylindrical job or a workpiece is called an internal taper.External Taper
The taper given on the outer surface of a cylindrical job or a workpiece is called an external taper.According to Size
According to size, there are the following types of taper:- Morse Taper
- Metric Taper
- Jarno Taper
- Brown and Sharpe Taper
- Standard Pin Taper
- Jacobs Taper
Morse Taper
Morse Taper is a self holding type taper and it is available in an 8 size from MT 0 to MT 7.The taper ratio of morse taper is found at 1:10 and its included angle is available in 3° or 5/8 inch/foot.
Morse taper is mostly used in lathe machines ds nose spindle, drill shank, arbor, etc.
Metric Taper
Jarno Taper
Jarno taper is also the self holding type of taper and is available in 20 sizes from 01 to 20.The taper ratio of the Jarno taper is 1:20 and its included angle is available at 0.6 inches/foot.
It is mostly used in die marking machines.
Brown and Sharpe Taper
Standard Pin Taper
The standard pin taper is a self holding type taper.The taper ratio of standard pin taper is 1:50 in metric and 1:48 in British.
Its included angle is 1/4 inch/foot.
Standard pin taper used in clamp devices, tapered pin, etc.
Jacobs Taper
Jacobs taper is mostly used in drill press chuck, arbor, etc.How to Calculate a Taper Ratio and Taper Angle?
For calculating the taper ratio there are
following formula applied:
Taper Ratio
K = D-d/L
Where,
K = Taper Ratio
D = Larger diameter of the taper
d = Smaller diameter of the taper
L = Length of the taper
Taper Angle
Tan θ = D-d/2L
θ =
tan-1 (D-d/2L)
Where,
D = Larger diameter of the taper
d = Smaller diameter of the taper
L = Length of the taper
For Example,
If the large diameter and small diameter of the taper are 40 mm and 30 mm respectively. And the total length of the taper is 20 mm. Then calculate the taper ratio and taper angle?
Taper Ratio = (40 – 30)/20
= 10/20
= 1/2
That means the taper ratio is 1:2
Taper Angle
tan
θ = (40-30)/(2×20)
θ = tan-1(10/40)
= 14.03°
So friends here I discussed types of taper according to their class, size, and
uses briefly. And also known how to calculate taper ratio and taper angle?
I hope you clearly understand all aspects related
to taper.
Thank You.
2 Comments
Great to know your simple teaching!
Many thanks....Sir!